Issue Tree Templates
The blueprint for structuring your thoughts in any case interview.
What is an Issue Tree?
An Issue Tree (also known as a logic tree) is a visual tool used to break down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable components. It starts with the main problem at the root and branches out into subsequent layers of detail, following the MECE principle at each level.
In a case interview, verbally presenting your issue tree at the beginning demonstrates a structured, logical, and hypothesis-driven approach. It tells the interviewer that you know how to think like a consultant before you even dive into the data. It's your roadmap for solving the case.
Sample Issue Tree Structures
While every case is unique, many fall into common archetypes. Here are basic issue tree structures for three common case types.
Profitability Case: 'How can we improve the client's profits?'
Revenue Drivers
- Price per unit
- Number of units sold
- Revenue mix (different products/services)
Cost Drivers
- Fixed Costs (rent, salaries, marketing)
- Variable Costs (raw materials, commissions, shipping)
Market Entry Case: 'Should our client enter the Saudi Arabian electric vehicle market?'
Market Attractiveness
- Market size and growth rate
- Profitability potential
- Regulatory landscape
Competitive Landscape
- Who are the key competitors?
- What is their market share and strategy?
- Are there high barriers to entry?
Client Capabilities & Synergies
- Does the client have the financial resources?
- Do they have relevant experience or technology?
- How would they enter (build, buy, partner)?
Risk Assessment
- What are the key financial and operational risks?
Growth Strategy Case: 'How can a retail company grow its revenue by 20% in 3 years?'
Organic Growth (Core Business)
- Sell more existing products to existing customers (increase frequency/basket size)
- Sell existing products to new customers (new segments/geographies)
- Sell new products to existing customers (product extensions)
Inorganic Growth (Acquisitions)
- Acquire a competitor to increase market share
- Acquire a company in an adjacent market